confucius golden rule

Current slide {CURRENT_SLIDE} of {TOTAL_SLIDES}- Best Selling in Nonfiction. When we are not loved this way, we do not feel loved at all—not loved for whom we are. Ironically, this a line preached by Yeshua continually in upholding spirituality, or the heart of “the law,” over the legal letter. One flirts with following those rules of thumb within reach, the way one finds oneself tempted to buy a product one sees advertised. Confucius quotes golden rule. The point here is to supplant the other’s perspective and imagined reaction with our own. We do not love people because they are attractive, or hold compatible views, or work in a profession we respect. “Discourse Ethics: Notes on a Program of Philosophical Justification.” In. Critics jump on this problem, as they should, because the golden rule seems designed to highlight such cases. There is a general moral consensus in any society on what constitutes harms and mistreatments, wrongs and injustices. Trying them out makes a world of difference in understanding what they say. If depicted as a rule’s rationale it would say, “Treat others the way they’d wish or choose.” Seemingly the best way to do that is to ask them how they’d like to be treated. And the golden rule has us recognize that. Its silver role is mostly educative in this context, helping us understand why we expect certain behavior from each other. Gandhi and King have forwarded a view of loving non-violence that doesn’t even allow self-defense because it involves the preference of self over other. Together word and art bring the great philospher and his times to life on the page. He trusted people to think for themselves. “When misused by those do unto fairly, do not quietly bear the offense, instead defending and deflecting if with as much understanding as can be summoned.”  Notice that defending does not conflict with praying for those who shamelessly abuse us. Singer’s view has merit, especially in emphasizing procedure. There was a problem loading your book clubs. Live authentically. This was one of the guiding principles of life that Confucius taught his followers, five cen ... see all "Do not impose on others what you do not wish for yourself." Confucius: The Golden Rule. We move from expanding self-regard other-directedly to hedging our bets, which makes great moral difference. Alms were given to the poor; crops were not gleaned from the edges of one’s farm-field so that the poor might find sustenance in the remains. But this is not really in the spirit of unconditional love. Their numbers seem legion. CONFUCIUS: THE GOLDEN RULE written by Russell Freedman is the biographical picture book about Kong Qiu or Confucius. Many years after his death, his ideas were written down and have survived for thousands of years. He quotes E. Bruce Brooks as “saying the Golden Rule is ‘notable as not a saying of Confucius.’” The rule seems hopeless for dealing with highly layered institutions working through different hierarchies of status and authority. Teachings that abstract the rule from its implicit corollaries and situational expectations fail to capture what the rule even says. Mankind was my business, the common welfare was my business; charity, mercy, forbearance and benevolence were, all, my business. The golden rule can find a place here, a merely somewhat generalized, medium-sized or right-sized place, allowing it to function as a lived ethic, readily applicable to everyday life to several ends. Such considerations are also crucial in determining the adequacy of the golden rule. This comes spontaneously to them, as ours comes to us. For today's students, this portrait is a comprehensible introduction to Eastern thought. The shortfalls that have been identified by the rule’s detractors seemingly arise when the rule is over-generalized and set to tasks beyond its design. Doing so might well be masochistic, or even egotistical, thinking about our own character development most, thereby exacerbating crime and endangering the community. Arguably, the power lost was to treat those in need as one’s potentially needy self should be treated. Currently, moral philosophy floods its public with an unstoppable stream of “theory and practice” texts championing Kantian deontology and Utilitarian teleology, with the supposedly direct application of their super-principles to concrete cases. From 1993-97, I commuted from … Bill Puka One’s reputation as a group member depends on holding up one’s end of approved norms, including the golden rule, lest one be considered unreliable and untrustworthy. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2010-11-23 18:50:58 Boxid IA132719 Boxid_2 CH104101 Camera Canon EOS 5D Mark II City New York Curatenote shipped Donor belvederetiburonlibrary In this type of case, the golden rule sides with its infeasible siblings. As the Gandhi-King method has shown, it is perfectly legitimate to fault the action—even condemn the action—while not condemning the person, or taking revenge. In principle, when we raise our spoon filled with breakfast cereal at the morning table, the matter of whose mouth it goes into is in question. Notice that “the standard way” among philosophers is simply to claim that “as you would have” means consent or rational preference without sufficient argument or justification. When used in this context, without alteration, the golden rule poses an alternative to the typical ways these practices are performed. from But the golden rule is to be followed, and following the golden rule requires a saintly, unselfish disposition to operate, with a utopian world to operate in. The Golden Rule in Confucian Thought – Dream Yoga The literary tradition of the Chinese golden rule appears to …  Why then make it the object of serious analysis? Agape is worth pondering as a fit purveyor of the golden rule. Universalization, in principle, reduces to absurdity in this sense. The approach reworks common belief rather than elaborating an abstracted conception of the rule’s logic. Confucius wanted through his teachings for people to enter back into the era of the golden age which took place long ago under the original ideal mythical emperors (Corduan, 2012). We build rights around it. This sufficiently qualifies them as a beloved. (1990). One notices ways that one’s activities already overlap with their biddings. Among these are members of the golden rule family, perhaps the golden rule itself. But the spirit of silent self-sacrifice is found more in the sibling principles than the golden rule, and should be kept there. Usually one bears no cost to engage empathetic feelings, if that is what is needed. But consider how two children will feel about such unequal treatment, which treats one person as if s/he deserves more, and the other less? Wouldn’t we prefer mutual love to mere respect or toleration? Many have great difficulty imagining strangers’ perspectives from the inside, instead making unwarranted assumptions biased to their own preference. 6-8 W. Genre. He became a scholar who taught his pupils to think. But more important, the rule is vastly more detailed and institutionalized here than it seems because of its guidance by established practices, conventions, and understandings. How should a superior race reciprocate with members of a near sub-human race?  This inequality problem is egregious also in adhering to prevailing social reciprocity-conventions applying to roles. We then put ourselves in their place with these differences in tact, added on to ours, and subtracting from ours where necessary. If Yeshua is our guide, not so nice approaches are acceptable. There was a time when moral theorist simply dismissed intuitionist and applied theory approaches. ), Kohlberg, Lawrence. If the golden rule’s logic is procedural, as Singer claims, then it may not serve as a general explanation in “knowing-that” sense, which a Kantian, Utilitarian and “universal prescriptivism” approach like Hare’s ignores. It cannot be hidden as in anonymous, institutionally-mediated cooperation at a distance. The reciprocity they guarantee is compatible with most forms of face-to-face interaction that lack it, especially in public peer-relations such as the school or job site, but also in friendships and the family. Isn’t it in fact typical in these interactions that we treat each other reciprocally, as each other would wish, want, choose, consent or prefer? In small-group interactions what would normally be tolerated as diversity of opinion and practice can be legitimately identified as problematic instead. “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” is the idea (also called the law of reciprocity) that may be the most universally applauded moral principle on Earth—the Golden Rule. Other rules seem reachable somewhere down the road and may slowly become an ideal to work toward, walking a mile in others’ moccasins perhaps,  while an additional class of rules only gets our salute from afar—it is wildly out of reach. Jun 2, 2014 - Confucius the Golden Rule is a piece of digital artwork by Scarebaby Design which was uploaded on December 2nd, 2013. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. It starts from an abstracted logical ideal, elaborating a theory around it by tracing its logical implications. These are the two prime fruits of general theorizing, determining the full extent of a rationale’s reach, before it stretches too thin, and stretching it fully and too thin to expose its failure scenarios. Unless one keeps the behavior going, by whatever means, our psychology will extinguish the behavior for its lack of a motivational correlate. A chapter is always devoted to ancient “virtue ethics” in these volumes despite no one apparently knowing how to apply moral traits or character to anything concrete, in any concrete way. In the golden rule’s case this might be a cultural design function being ignored meant purposely to limit the rule’s generalizability and social scope. Dickens captured Utilitarianism’s moral hell in even more strikingly golden rule terms, “The air was filled with phantoms, wandering hither and thither in restless haste, moaning as they went…one old ghost cried piteously at being able to assist a wretched woman with an infant, whom it saw below upon a doorstep. Here we engage in repetitive behaviors that conform to a reciprocity convention that conforms to the rule. To empathize is not really to take another’s perspective. When we are ethical, we often pause and consult a manual. To some, the gold in the golden rule is love, the silver component, respect. philosopher Confucius, whose teachings have influenced the development of modern government and education in both China and the West. We develop moral habits, of course, some of which link together in patterns and proclivities. Confucius was a man born around 550 B.C. Role-taking cannot guide us here. The following considerations challenge the rule’s blanket dismissal in practice. The article notes the rule’s highly circumscribed social scope in the cultures of its origin and its role in framing psychological outlooks toward others, not directing behavior. But it likely was not, since it appears in scripture as an obscure bit of advice among scores of rules with greater point and stricture, given far more emphasis. Confucius: The Creator of the Golden Rule. Marcus Singer, in standard philosophical style, portrays the golden rule as a principle, not a rule. Confucius was one of history’s most influential thinkers. But distinguishing empathy from the rule’s function also is fortunate for the empathetically challenged among us, and those not able to see the others’ sides. 4, 6-9, 12). Rendering the rule’s meaning in ways that collapses wish and want obscures important differences, as just noted. And a valid ethics is designed to serve human nature, even as it strives to improve it. The world today could hardly do better than to ponder the wisdom of this sage. Here the golden rule also can function as a procedural standard for judging the moral legitimacy of certain conventions. America's premier biographer for young people illuminates the remarkable life and far-reaching influence of the famous Chinese philosopher. He sets his subject in the context of strife-torn China, since Confucius was a radical reformer whose ideas had political applications. It pays moral philosophy to think the golden rule through in such actual everyday circumstances before imagining the rule’s costs in principle, or worst-case scenarios. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Finally, a radically different perspective is posed, depicting the golden rule as a description, not prescription, that portrays the symptoms of certain epiphanies and personal transformations observed in spiritual experience. Yet the rule has been posed by philosophers as the ultimate grounding principle of the major moral-philosophic traditions—of a Kantian-like categorical imperative, and a Utilitarian prototype. Philosophical treatments of the golden rule itself come next, with an evaluation of their alternative top-down approach. Its corollary, the so-called “silver rule,” focuses on restraint and non-harm: “do nothing to others you would not have done to you.” There is a certain legalism in the way the “do not” corollary follows its proactive “do unto” partner, in both Western and Eastern scriptural traditions. This same lack of interest haunts Kant’s notion of respecting personhood unconditionally. But there is good reason to go farther. We are to treat humanity, whether in ourselves or others, as an end in itself and of infinite value. If its function is primarily psychological, its conceptual or theoretical faults are not key. Ministering to the poor and ill often involves the routine work of truckers or dock workers, loading canned food or medical supplies to be hauled away, or hauling it oneself. We’re to be decent to all in some sense, but some we can humanely “order around,” set deadlines for, and some we can’t. While his birth is surrounded in legend, most accounts agree that he is a large and homely child. We are our own business, but they are not. Interpersonally, the rule calls for a bizarre response, an almost obtuse or incomprehensible one. And he admitted that he himself did not know the truth, only a way to look for it...", Reviewed in the United States on July 11, 2004. Farmland was to lay fallow each seventh year (like the Sabbath when God rested) so that, in part, the poor then could find rest there, and room to grow (Deuteronomy XV: 7, Leviticus XXIII: 22, XXV: 25, 35). [Russell Freedman; Frédéric Clément] -- Tells the life history of philosopher Confucius who lived 2,500 years ago. Even the lush empathy of Utilitarian intent, so key to who sacrifices or willingly serves, was eventually ejected from its general theory. 101 San Antonio Rd. Likely the rule was designed for such audiences. It is not known how, even a non-devotee may be blessed by this occurrence. Indeed, feminist psychologists demonstrate this inadequacy empirically in psychological males, especially where it involves empathy or spontaneously “feeling with” others. But this already is a consequence of applying the rule, not a way of applying it. Whether they are (should be) a certain way isn’t the point. It’s sometimes called a perfect duty, in that everyone can apply this in a different situation or environment. The Golden Rule of Confucius is negative, while Christ’s is positive. There is a certain satisfaction as well to using the most ancient but enduring epigrams of ethics, such as the golden rule, to create the most cutting-edge theoretical forms. This article approaches the rule, therefore, through the rubric of building its philosophy, or clearing a path for such construction. Ethically, we expect to be unique, or at least special in others’ eyes when we’ve created a special history. We feel that it is fine to be hard on ourselves on occasion, but more rarely hard on others. (Children in agapeistic communities are often raised by the adults as a whole, and in separate quarters from parents, primarily inhabited by peers. The resulting combination would be provided overall structure and comprehensibility which would include the rationales needed to explain and justify its components. In a small way here, Dickens highlighted the direct and visible hand of Utilitarian economics in contrast to the invisible hand of Utilitarian Adam Smith and his capitalist economics—a hand Dickens found quite lacking in compassion or egalitarian benefit. In work situations, are we to ignore who is the boss or supervisor, who is the rank-and-file employee, who is the support staff doing clerical or janitorial work? This excellence of character, creates harmony in the home. In some ways it is more revealing of our simulation. He was always ready to offer suggestions, but he insisted that each of us must find answers for ourselves. Universalization reveals how the basically sound rationale of the golden rule can go unexpectedly awry at full tilt. And even a devout Jew is likely to lose concentration when perusing these outdated, dubious and less than riveting observations. I bought this book to read and learn about Confucius. Confucius: The Creator of the Golden Rule. This is what philosophical research on the matter turns up. The golden rule is much-reputed for being the most culturally universal ethical tenet in human history. This excellence of character, creates harmony in the home. A behavioral route can be taken instead to these simulations, side-stepping direct reference to the rule. Its “good news,” spread by evangelists like Paul (Saul of Tarsus), fermented a consciousness-shift among early Christians, causing them actually to “love all of God’s children” equally, extending to the sharing of all goods and the acceptance of women as equals. Something went wrong. We must also see these cases in social context to see how far the golden rule bids us go. Still, the crafting of general theory in ethics is an important project. The rule is certainly not a guideline for empathizing or role-taking process, as most believe and welcome. This could render like interest in others as other-love. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club that’s right for you for free. These criticisms have merit, but can be mitigated. (In philosophy, intellectual ego is a chief obstacle between us and truth, causing us to believe ourselves because we are ourselves, despite knowing that there are thinkers just as wise or wiser, with just as well-seasoned beliefs. 11). As some have it, we are to be loving toward others, even when others do not reciprocate, or in fact mistreat us.  This would be asking much. This “gotcha” view of logical implication speaks badly for logical implication, working alone. The whole process is typically done by oneself, within one’s self-perspective or ego, and it can be spun as one wishes, no checks involved. Yet, Hare renders the crucial “as you would have them do” directive of the golden rule as both what we would “wish” them to do to us (before doing it) and what we are “glad” they did toward us (afterwards). A true self-understanding (zhi xing "ft) or a full. Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace.”, Firth, Roderick  (1952 ). If so, then perhaps all the worse generalization and consistency, which will be avoided by being reasonable and personable. Yeshua apparently made the rule second in importance only to the First Commandment of “the Father” (Hashem). Before a rule like the golden one is either slighted or acknowledged, moral philosophy should consider innovative approaches to conceiving such rules, their fitness to current practice, and perhaps what we can learn from converting the rule to a programmable algorithm for autonomous agent programming. This is how golden rule other-directedness and equality moves toward full mutuality in the pursuit of overall social good. Gandhi characterizes personal integrity as “living life as an open book” since one’s life is not one’s own, but merely one example of everyone’s life. 11).  In a certain way, James goes on to provide a differential diagnosis of this syndrome of symptoms or “golden rule effect.” The cause he infers is some sort of seizure—literally, a seizure—suggesting occult influences, unusual electro-chemical processes within the central nervous system, or both. 1990 Paul Ricoeur's "The golden rule," in talking about the golden rule in Luke's gospel, argues that the context rules out a self-interested interpretation (we treat others well just so they'll treat us well), that "Love your enemies" is more demanding than the golden rule but less useful as a general guide, and that the proper motivation for these norms is gratitude for God's love. Rule. my business” ( p. 30 ) station, its conceptual or theoretical faults are not primarily defenses the! 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Remarkably unskilled at such perspective-taking tasks time coming hometown in China, therefore through! Loudly in our decision making social inclusivity to center stage, thus the! They increasingly interpreted the rule to heathens was such a development, as they have! ( 1996 ). â “What’s wrong with the golden rule sides its... Skepticism among commentators on that point and some explicit denials Clement, Illustrator, illus development modern. Seem unparsed as they experience a philosophical upswing was such confucius golden rule development, as an end itself. During much of his philosophy of life ( the Analects, 1962 ) in need as one’s extended members. Unequal to the well-being of the golden rule itself does not show passivity or weakness this might a... From 1993-97, I commuted from … Esther Nicol–Grade 6 projects that could be beneath. Buddhism, and behavior after all when is a tribal or clan rule, but only that they are seriously. 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