Three stages in the history of land reclamation in the Netherlands. Coastal population growth and development on coasts. It also p… Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 133: 147–160, Tait R V, Dipper F. 1998. Biofuel-led schemes in the Middle East may be impractical as they would have to be sourced from outside of the region – a potential political non- starter. Coastal habitats such as mangroves and reefs can reduce wave heights by between 35% to 71% and can provide annual storm and flood protection benefits exceeding $65 billion for mangroves and $4 billion for reefs. Loss appraisal on the value of marine ecosystem services of sea reclamation for Qianwan. Climate change: Protect the world’s deltas. Valuation on ecosystem services of coastal wetland: a case study in Jiaozhou Bay. Sustainable Development Goal 14 ... activities artificially profitable by reducing costs or ... coastal and marine environments as well as those ac- Scientific Reports, 4: 5995, Hoeksema R J. The economic value of wetland services: a meta-analysis. 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 553–558, Häyhä T, Franzese P P. 2014. 2011. The results indicate that the ecological cost of the new land reclamation is US$971.9 million from 2000 to 2010 and that the cost will be US$702.1 million from 2010 to 2020. Aerts J C J H, Botzen W J W, Emanuel K, et al. Xuegong Xu. Remote sensing for ocean primary productivity and its spatio-temporal variability in the China seas. 2010b. The average density of people in coastal regions is 3 times higher than the global average density. The Environment Agency will invite the 25 selected areas to enter a funded development stage. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Haihe Water Resources (in Chinese), 6): 71–72, Lu Zhenbin, Du Qi, Yan Youming, et al. Land has been widely reclaimed in large area in coastal zones all over the world to relieve the pressure of land shortage, promoting social development and economic growth. Oceans, seas and coastal areas form an integrated and essential component of the Earth’s ecosystem and are critical to sustainable development. Economic development and coastal ecosystem change in China. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 430, Chen Yinfa. The advantages are so much that they are not exhaustive. Ecological Economics, 69(12): 2549–2556, Wang Xuan, Chen Weiqi, Zhang Luoping, et al. Wetland Science (in Chinese), 4(3): 179–186, Peng Benrong, Chen Weiqi, Hong Huansheng. 2002. Getting workers, materials, water and power to the site, not to mention dealing with waste, can require substantial prior thought and investment. The Thai Government's Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR) has calculated that erosion causes the country to lose 30 km 2 of coastal land every year. 2006. Application of an ecosystem model for the environmental assessment of the reclamation and mitigation plans for seagrass beds in Atsumi Bay. Evaluation on Losses of ecological environment value by the sea reclamation projects—case study of two typical projects in Jiangsu province. Marine Ecology (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-017-1016-0. 17.3 ... Financing and cost evaluation. This can deliver projects that use, where possible, local materials as well as providing the social and economic benefits of transferring international knowledge and expertise to the local market and vice versa. Payments for Ecological Services and Eco-Compensation: Practices and Innovations in the People’s Republic of China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 29(5): 27–34, Chen Weiqi, Wang Xuan. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals have set the agenda for reducing disaster risks through sustainable and equitable economic, social, and environmental development. Integrating ecological damages into the user charge for land reclamation: a case study of Xiamen, China. 2011. 2006. Coastal development impacts may be direct (e.g., land filling, dredging, coral and sand mining for construction) or indirect (e.g., increased runoff of sediment and pollutants). Development along the coast is particularly vulnerable to hurricanes, nor’easters, and other kinds of severe weather. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-017-1016-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-017-1016-0, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The results indicate that the ecological cost of the new land reclamation is US$971.9 million from 2000 to 2010 and that the cost will be US$702.1 million from 2010 to 2020. To accurately forecast and manage cost it requires detailed and early input from a wide range of disciplines across geology and sustainability to work in partnership with cost and programme managers. 2014. Rethinking China’s new great wall. Similarly, these locations can lie hundreds of miles from the nearest major town or infrastructure. Integrated coastal management aims for the coordinated application of the different policies affecting the coastal zone and related to activities such as nature protection, aquaculture, fisheries, agriculture, industry, off shore wind energy, shipping, tourism, development of infrastructure and mitigation and adaptation to climate change. As these locations are usually chosen for their spectacular flora or fauna, then this factor is particularly relevant. The trend for timber-led schemes in the Middle East is a current case in point. 2013. Ecological Modelling, 289: 124–132, He Qiang, Bertness M D, Bruno J F, et al. 2014. Impacts of tidal land reclamation in Bohai Bay, China: ongoing losses of critical Yellow Sea waterbird staging and wintering sites. Oceans, seas and coastal areas form an integrated and essential component of the Earth’s ecosystem and are critical to sustainable development. Correspondence to Plans to deliver a better, fairer farming system in England have been set out by government today. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 448, Tan Saichun, Shi Guangyu. Construction on this scale raises questions of how to ensure a sustainable development. Understanding environmental impacts, challenging geology and sustainable construction are all key to managing costs and making projects viable. Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal megacities. The last half century has seen significant, and in many cases abrupt and irreversible, changes across the world’s coast lines. Asia has become a focus of land reclamation with the rapid industrialization and urbanization. Basis for action. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, Wang Xuan, Chen Weiqi, Zhang Luoping, et al. Integrated management and sustainable development of coastal and marine areas, including exclusive economic zones. Scientists have developed different techniques and tools for the development and people have witnessed a drastic change in the economy, environment, and society. 2014. Using a consistent valuation methodology, it estimates the cost of coastal degradation in three Nigerian states: Cross River, Delta and Lagos. As many of us struggle with our pent up wanderlust to travel after lockdown, the good news is that new resorts under construction in the Middle East will one day soon provide travellers with access to locations and cultures experienced by only a handful of lucky visitors in the past. 2009. Zhu, G., Xu, X., Wang, H. et al. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science) (in Chinese), 38(6): 896–901, Costanza R, d’Arge R, de Groot R, et al. Human-induced changes in the geomorphology of the northeastern coast of the Nile delta, Egypt. Environmental impacts of sea reclamation in Jiaozhou Gulf, Shandong province of China. Bird Conservation International, 21(3): 241–259, Zhang Baolei. Land expansion with reclamation and groundwater exploitation in a coastal urban area: A case study from the Tokyo Lowland, Japan. The links between ocean-based sectors and land-based economies mean that these impacts have economic and … But weather conditions may be ripe for solar power, or a coastal location might suit a tidal or wind power solution. Scientia Geographica Sinica (in Chinese), 32(8): 1006–1012, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing, 100028, China, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences & Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China, Gaoru Zhu, Xuegong Xu, Hui Wang & Zhe Feng, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China, The Editorial Department of Journal of Capital Normal University, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100037, China, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geoscience, Beijing, 100083, China, You can also search for this author in Acta Ecologica Sinica (in Chinese), 30(1): 5914–5924, Wang Jing, Xu Min, Zhang Yiming, et al. A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecosystem services research in China: progress and perspective. 2010. It is easy to consider the cost of physical infrastructure like a bridge to an island – with concreting, steel and piling simply built into a cost model. upland and wetland habitats, development in coastal areas further degrades the coastal ecosystem. Acta Geographica Sinica (in Chinese), 61(11): 1189–1199, Wang Jing. Irrigation and Drainage, 56(S1): S113–S126, Ji Min, Sun Zhiwei, Wang Zeliang, et al. It is easy to consider the cost of physical infrastructure like a bridge to an island – with concreting, steel and piling simply built into a cost model. An estimate of optimal culture areas and output of shellfish in Xiamen coastal waters. The solution is a blend of international and local consultants. 2012. Stage 4 - project development This is approximately 12 weeks from March 2021 to June 2021. Associate Director, Counting the cost of remote resorts in the Middle East. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology (in Chinese), 3): 34–38, Zheng Wei, Shi Honghua, Xu Zongjun, et al. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait (in Chinese), 18(2): 199–204, Ma Zhijun, Melville D S, Liu Jianguo, et al. A simulation experiment of the biodegranation process of COD from ocean outfall discharge in Bohai Bay. They cover more than two-thirds of the earth’s surface and contain 97% of the planet’s water. 11: Sustainable cities and communities Increase in average global flood losses in coastal cities to USD 1 trillion per year with constant spending on flood defences (Hallegatte et al., 2013) - Improve land-use planning -Increase investment in ecosystem based and traditional coastal defences - Adopt improved building standards From the Binhai New Area of Tianjin to the Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan, the undergoing project of land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay, China, is the largest in the world. The internationalisation of hotel design often dictates that appointed design consultants will be located in either the USA, UK or EU – who have the global capability and international experience to lead such a project. Science, 346(6212): 912–914, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2014. 2003. 2009. 1998. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 30(6): 731–736, Koh C H. 2014. The Benefits Of Sustainable Development For Human And Environment 1201 Words | 5 Pages. Sustainability as part of coastal development is achieved at the intersection of the ecological, economic, and social spheres represented by the three components of sustainable development. Often these natural conditions result in the need to implement major civil engineering or ground improvement methods to mitigate these innate features before even basic works on the main resort can begin. Ecological Economics, 69(7): 1389–1395, Zhang Qingfeng, Bennett M T, Kannan K, et al. Nowadays, erosion predominates in the coastal zones around the world; … 2012. A compact and cost-efficient treatment of wash water from exhaust gas cleaning of large vessels according to international legislation. Given that remote resorts tend to require their own energy generation, it is also important to create an energy strategy which is realistic. Experience a semester of sustainability in Costa Rica, home to rainforests, volcanoes, rushing waterfalls, and a laid-back culture that reflects the national motto: “Pura Vida.” Immerse yourself in the country’s many national parks, farms, and tropical ecosystems full of incredible biodiversity. Also, better estimates of maintenance costs and the additional services and benefits (including coastal access, fish production, carbon sequestration) or lack thereof, for both artificial and nature-based defences are required when evaluating the overall costs and benefits of a restoration project that includes coastal protection as an objective. Acta Oceanol. Coastal Properties at Big Risk - Letter / The Augusta Chronicle by David Kyler, Center for a Sustainable Coast - July 6, 2018 Hidden costs of dirty energy are high LTE Savannah Now, May 2018 Holding Big Oil accountable for deceptive tactics - OPINION / The Times-Union by David Kyler, Center for a Sustainable Coast - April 6, 2018 Journal of Natural Resources (in Chinese), 23(5): 911–919, Yang Hongyan, Chen Bing, Barter M, et al. Research on the theory and method of marine resources evaluation-taking the parcel sea evaluation of reclamation sea use for example (in Chinese) [dissertation]. 2014. Clients and investors looking at remote locations in the Middle East need to consider a number of factors and trends. Sustainable development goal (SDG) 14 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (henceforth the 2030 Agenda) aims for conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources, explicitly considering coastal areas in two of its targets (14.2 and 14.5). It may seem sustainable at the outset, but when considered, it adds unnecessary carbon miles and cost to projects. San Francisco, California, USA: 2013, Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union Nantonghexin Construction Survey and Design Institute Limited. Google Scholar, Barbier E B. Reclamation Project Feasibility Study Report of the New Coastal Area of Haimen (in Chinese). 2008. Some cost-benefit evaluations, like that of the Natural Capital Project for sustainable coastal development in Belize, are underway and are arguing for complementing or even replacing grey with green infrastructure for coastal protection. We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly. For example, a US-based design team might produce designs that require contractors to be responsible for a large proportion of the design as part of a design and build contract – something for which many local contractors are unprepared. Oceans contribute to poverty eradication by creating sustainable livelihoods and decent work. Please try refreshing the page. Part of Springer Nature. Legal Framework for Managing Coastal Tourism Development 29 Summary 32 CHAPTER 4. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, Chen Zhenghua, Pan Delu, Bai Yan. 2006. 2004. Oceans contribute to poverty eradication by creating sustainable livelihoods and decent work. From Headwaters to the Ocean: Hydrological Changes and Watershed Management. 1994. Table 1.2 Indicative costs associated with the cost of coastal protection 10 Table 1.3 Key cost considerations for coastal works 11 Table 1.4 Example costs from the Environment Agency Unit Cost Database associated with beach recycling/recharge 13 Table 1.5 Example costs from the Environment Agency Unit Cost Database associated with coastal walls 14 2009. Modeling studies of the far-field effects of tidal flat reclamation on tidal dynamics in the East China Seas. Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS. 2008. Yet without the early input of marine ecologist, it is less easy to assess the financial cost of the environmental mitigation strategy needed to protect the sea life. In: Fukushima Y, Burnett W, Taniguchi M, et al., eds. Expert knowledge based valuation method of ecosystem services in China. The project is estimated to cost US$94 million and expected to be complete in fiscal 2023-24. 2005. These have both positive and negative effects. It is essential not to damage the unique natural experience the resort exists to enjoy. A blended team can also overcome the disconnect between construction methodologies. Biodiversity Research Report of China (in Chinese). 36, 97–104 (2017). 2010a. Retention effect of wetland for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the coastal zone of the Yancheng. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. volume 36, pages97–104(2017)Cite this article. However, they will tend to specify products from their geographical location. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102: 393–397, Li Guanguo, Fan Zhengang. The Planning Act sets out the State’s interests for protection of the coastal environment and management of coastal hazards (such as erosion and storm tide inundation) through the State Planning Policy. 2007. Construction on this scale raises questions of how to ensure a sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) - Education 2030 Steering Committee has issued recommendations focusing on financing education as a public good, strengthening national ownership and addressing data gaps as part of its work to steer progress towards meeting internationally agreed targets for education. 2009. Sin. Sound coastal planning and management is vital to help protect and conserve the coast’s important cultural, ecological and natural values. Acta Oceanologica Sinica Marine Environmental Science (in Chinese), 28(6): 749–754, Chen Weiqi, Zhang Luoping, Hong Huasheng, et al. Ecological Economic, 37(2): 257–270, Xiao Jianhong, Chen Dongjing, Xu Min, et al. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin (in Chinese), 20(10): 1248–1254, Xie Gaodi, Zhen Lin, Lu Chunxia, et al. Coastal development linked to human settlements, industry, aquaculture, and infrastructure can cause severe impacts on near shore ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. Science, 345(6202): 1250–1251, Board of Biodiversity Research Report of China. Estimating costs and benefits of coastal adaptation. Implementation of the Ayeyarwady Coastal Region Development Project, an expressway connecting Ayeyarwady Region and Rakhine State listed under the Myanmar Project Bank, will start from this fiscal year, according to the Ministry of Construction. Resort locations are often chosen for their views and access to exotic experiences, with geological features above and below ground being a secondary consideration. Predictive valuation of ecosystem services losses from sea reclamation planning projects in Tong’an Bay. 2010a. Nature, 516(7529): 31–33, Hayashi T, Miyakoshi A. Ecological Economics, 41(3): 393–408, El Banna M M, Frihy O E. 2009. Remote areas ripe for development exists in many locations across Middle East, each present plentiful challenges. Coastal management as a basic service of local government 15 Essential support processes and strategies in coastal management 25 Sustaining coastal management through multisectoral and inter-LGU collaboration 27 Summary 28 CHAPTER 3. The results are striking: in 2018 alone, floods, erosion and pollution in these three states cost society US$9.7 billion, or 2.4 percent of the country’s GDP. Annual processes of land reclamation from the sea along the Northwest Coast of Bohai Bay during 1974 to 2010. Nantong, China: Nantonghexin Construction Survey and Design Institute Limited, Ou Weixin, Yang Guishan, Gao Jianhua. The costs of gas regulation and marine food supply account for the greatest parts of the total value. New resorts in the Middle East are being developed to provide travellers with access to far flung locations and unique travel experiences. 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