Couturier (eds.). 2012. 2009. 19 pp. Wilsonia citrina. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, CA. Thursday, September 1st It's nice to see that migration is happening and new birds are arriving from up north. The Sibley Guide to Birds, second edition. 2011). These ranks are being revised to N4B and S4B (Apparently Secure) to reflect current abundance and distribution and increasing population trend (D.A. 2011. Forest cover in southern Ontario reached a low of about 10% in 1920, but by 1986 had almost doubled to about 19% due to the regeneration of young forests in areas of marginal farmland (Larson et al. Species at Risk Act. Calvert, A.M. and D. Badzinski. Quantitative information on dispersal and emigration rates is not available, but is thought to be highly important to this species’ population dynamics (see also Dispersal and Migration). Website: [accessed April 2011]. M.Sc. The Hooded Warbler nests in moist deciduous and mixed forests from the lower Midwest and southern New England to the Gulf Coast. 2009). The Woodland Heritage of Southern Ontario: A study of ecological change, distribution, and significance. 2007. Population counts have increased with each round of surveying since 1997. Ontario Landbird Conservation Plan: Lower Great Lakes/St. Most public and private sites are working forests that are being actively managed for timber and fuelwood production, as well as being used for recreation (off-road motorized vehicles, hunting, hiking, etc., BSC unpubl. Cream-colored with scattered brown spots. McCracken, C.M. A List of Municipalities with Bylaws, Ontario Woodlot Association, updated August 2010. 2011. The Hooded Warbler is a long-distance migrant that breeds in eastern North America and winters in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. The Hooded Warbler’s Canadian breeding distribution is restricted to southern Ontario, where it is considered a rare to locally uncommon breeder (Godfrey 1986; James 1991; Badzinski 2007). Suitable canopy gaps can be created by natural tree-fall, timber harvesting using single-tree or group selective cutting methods, or thinning of mature pine plantations (Gartshore 1988; Whittam et al. Pyle, P. 1997. Helleiner (eds.). Starting in 1997, the Recovery Team initiated directed surveys to document the status, distribution and trends in the Hooded Warbler population in Canada (Friesen et al. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Link. 2008; Zuckerberg et al. 2000). It is migratory, wintering in Central America and the West Indies. Rush, S.A. and B.J.M. Scientific Name: Setophaga citrina (Boddaert 1783), French Name: Paruline à capuchons Class: Aves. 2008. The breeding range within Canada has also expanded over time (see Canadian Range and Population Trends sections). 2011; BSC unpubl. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON. Counts have also increased in areas east and northeast of Norfolk, particularly in Niagara and Hamilton Regions, but have not increased in other parts of southwestern Ontario, where numbers remain generally low. 2011. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina in Canada. Nesting habitat typically becomes suitable a few years after formation of a canopy gap and can remain suitable for several years until the canopy gap closes in again, though there appears to be considerable variation in the timing of gap colonization and abandonment (Gartshore 1988; Robinson and Robinson 1999; Whittam et al. Couturier (eds.). The count of 436 territories reported in 2007 is almost five times the 88+ known territories reported in 1997, just 10 years earlier. Other studies in southwestern Ontario reported similar rates (Bisson and Stutchbury 1998; Badzinski 2003; Melles 2007). Males in very small isolated forest fragments will foray long distances (up to 2.5 km) across non-forest habitat (Norris and Stutchbury 2001). When they arrive at their wintering grounds in Mexico and South America, the male and females segregate. [Accessed 20 September 2010]. Austen, M.J.W., M.D. Update COSEWIC status report on the Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina in Canada. Specific threats identified in the recovery strategy include intensive logging that removes all or most mature trees (i.e. 1998. The proposed federal Recovery Strategy identifies 56 sites with an estimated total area of 9055 ha as critical habitat for this species (Environment Canada 2011). : A Framework for Guiding Habitat Rehabilitation in Great Lakes Areas of Concern, Second Edition. 2011), supplemented with additional information from the Canadian range. Last updated July 2011. 2011). Changes in Bird Distribution between Atlases. Young, and J.R. Zook. Wilson Bulletin 109(1):74-81. Page, A.M. and M.D. Moore, T.K. The continued absence of breeding Hooded Warblers in the Kingston area is surprising given the proximity of breeding populations in New York, an increase in forest cover, and the species’ status as a regular rare spring migrant there for more than 30 years (Austen et al. Gipson. 2009; Chiver et al. How Much Habitat is Enough? Intruders that are not swayed by visual displays may be chased or attacked. “We almost always see hooded warblers in the same area of the forest and I try to take photos of them.” Ontario Partners in Flight (OPIF). Competition for winter territories in a neotropical migrant: the role of age, sex and color. 706 pp. The Hooded Warbler is a long-distance neotropical migrant that breeds in eastern North America, and winters in southern Mexico, Central America and parts of the Caribbean (Figure 1). Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. 1997; Moorman et al. Heagy, A., and D. Badzinski. Black-throated blue warbler. These directed surveys targeted known and historic locations but some areas of potential habitat were also covered. Black-throated green warbler. 2011; Walters and Nol 2011). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, ON. Flaxman, M. 2004. Unpublished report for the Acadian Flycatcher & Hooded Warbler Recovery Team. 2 Click here to hear another song of Hooded Warblers, with two males counter-singing. McFarland, J.D. Hines, J. Fallon, K.L. 8 +iv pp. 1995). 2007. The hooded warbler (Setophaga citrina) is a New World warbler. 2011; Calvert and Badzinski in prep.). Forest Ecology and Management 260:1241-1250. Conway, C.J., G.V.N. Helleiner (eds. 2006. Jalava, J.V., J. D. Ambrose and N.S. Bird Studies Canada, Environment Canada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Ontario Nature, Toronto. Winter territory size varies with habitat but is typically small, e.g., 0.3 to 0.4 ha (Stutchbury 1994; Chiver et al. High densities can occur following selective logging, provided many mature trees remain. 2002; Lacki et al. Tarof, S.A., B.J.M. Provincial Policy Statement. 2002. See Life cycle and reproduction section for impact of Brown-headed Cowbird and predators on nesting success. They generally nest in areas with a dense and shrubby understory, choosing shrubs or saplings such as blackberry, beech, holly, switchcane, black cherry, viburnum, and hawthorn. comm., 2011). Effects of selective logging on forest bird populations in a fragmented landscape. Occupancy of small forest tracts may be ephemeral or intermittent. Last recorded on site in 1999 2006. The Hooded Warbler - A Striking Black And Yellow Fellow. Bird Studies Canada, Environment Canada, Ontario Field Ornithologists, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, and Ontario Nature, Toronto. Both sexes have olive-green upperparts, a bright yellow underside, and characteristic white tailspots that are visible when the tail is fanned out. Hooded Warblers typically lay 3 or 4 eggs in cup-shaped nests, 1 m from the ground, that are frequently parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds. A species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature and is either native to Canada or has extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Canada for at least 50 years. 82 pp. Habitat degradation has also been identified as a concern as this species requires mature forest and is adversely affected by forest fragmentation (see Breeding habitat requirements, and life cycle and reproduction). 2011). The Hooded Warbler is a small songbird (body length: 13 cm, body mass: 11 g) with a striking plumage and a distinctive vocal repertoire. Territorial males sing frequently throughout their lengthy breeding season, from when they arrive on territory (early May in Ontario) until they begin their post-breeding moult (late July through September in Ontario). Are there extreme fluctuations in index of area of occupancy? Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). 2002; Brown et al. There is no reason to expect that the population will not continue to grow and expand, at least over the next ten years. 159 pp. The 1997 and 1998 surveys covered 51 sites whereas the 2002 and 2007 surveys included 184 and 168 sites, respectively. Population dynamics of a threatened neotropical migrant at the edge of its range. The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) was created in 1977 as a result of a recommendation at the Federal-Provincial Wildlife Conference held in 1976. Forest Information Series, Province of Ontario, ON. Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) in NatureServe Explorer: An Online Encyclopedia of Life [web application]. Cadman, B.A. It is a trans-Gulf migrant, wintering mostly in southeastern Mexico and on the Caribbean slope of northern Central America. 60 pp. Nesting success of forest songbirds in mixed mesophytic forests in eastern Kentucky. Schwartz, M.W., L.R. Figure 4. The number of individuals (excluding dependent young) of each species heard (at any distance) or seen (within a 400 m radius circle) during each stop is counted, with singing males being detected most frequently. Hooded Warblers experience relatively high nest predation rates (e.g., 25-44%) across their range (Sargent et al. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:858-863. 2004. Ryall, A. Piscopo and T.W. Canadian Field-Naturalist 39:150-151. 2011). Status history Designated Threatened in April 1994. 2007. 2011). Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005. At SWCR, parasitized nests had smaller clutches (2.8 ±1.0, N=128 versus 3.6± 0.6, N=279), lower hatch rate (46% versus 72% of eggs hatched), and lower nestling survival (55% versus 81% of hatched young fledged) (BSC unpubl. The habitat requirements of the Hooded Warbler in Canada overlap to varying degrees with those of the more than 30 Canadian species at risk associated with Carolinian woodlands in southern Ontario (Jalava et al. comm., October 2011). In states bordering its Canadian range, the Hooded Warbler is ranked as secure (S5) in New York and Ohio, apparently secure (S4) in Pennsylvania, vulnerable (S3) in Michigan and Minnesota, and imperiled to vulnerable (S2S3) in Wisconsin (NatureServe 2011). COSEWIC status report on the Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina in Canada – 2012. 2003. Breeding and non-breeding distribution of the Hooded Warbler (Ridgeley, Figure 2. 2011). Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, ON. Ecological Applications 12(2):364-374. 2002; Hetzel and Leberg 2006; Chiver et al. Second clutches are typically smaller than first clutches. After 1985, the number and extent of known breeding occurrences in Ontario surged. Godschalk. The species rates a 9 out of 20 on the Continental Concern Score, which means it is not on the Partners in Flight Watch List and is a species of low conservation concern. This species is considered a “gap specialist” as nest sites are consistently associated with canopy gaps with a high density of shrubs (Chiver et al. John Carreau. Peterson Field Guide to Bird Sounds of Eastern North America. Males and females both engage in extra-territorial forays to seek out extra-pair copulations with neighbours (Chiver et al. Marra, Z. Németh, F.R. (2011). Changes in abundance vary regionally and are generally consistent with the pattern of distribution change depicted in the atlas mapping (Figure 2). 'Black-throated Green Warbler', 'Black-throated Blue', 'Chestnut-sided', - even 'Hooded ' and 'Yellowthroat' are quite helpful, as long as the birds are in spring plumage. Draft manuscript, March 2010. This insect-eating passerine begins breeding when it is 1 year old. 1985; Stutchbury 1994; Conway et al. 2011). diameter-limit cuts), insect and disease outbreaks that eliminate a large number of mature trees, direct and indirect habitat damage caused by recreational vehicles, and housing estates and other development activities in or adjacent to woodlands (Environment Canada 2011). A second brood a black hood, contrasting with bright yellow cheeks and forehead to... As Dendroica ; now named Setophaga overwintering territory in subsequent years ( Gartshore 1988 ) highly fragmented with... About Birds, 7th Edition, and Ontario Nature, Toronto ; incubation and brooding is the... 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