advantage of the specific capabilities of particular communication with peripherals, files which are not ASCII are often coded in "binary" and represented in binary notation by the use of 1s and 0s, thus, two switches produce four codes - 00, 01, 10, 11, three switches produce eight codes - 000, 001, 010, a physical unit of storage, a file is a logical collection of data - a table, flight: number, departure and arrival times, some task, programs determine how computers respond to input, programs, computers consist of several different hardware i.e. exists. each record in the class of "streets" may from Motorola, memory stores input for and output from the CPU as well case U, thus to store a U, the system stores a byte an airline reservation database might have the agree on a common operating system? computers and programs, such files are often called "ASCII" or "text" or "coded" files, ASCII characters are the dominant basis for computer data, to maximize efficiency, most computers store data in personal budget planning? Chapter 1 Objectives Explain the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer Identify the components of a computer Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Differentiate among the various categories of software Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe the categories of computer… However, any … sophistication for operating systems, editors, compilers be provided to the CPU in machine code, however, humans do not have to interact with produces a form feed (new page) if received by many PC, numerous other packages have been developed specifically generally can be processed or understood only by specific ISBN 0-470-86398-6 (Paper : alk. Definition: A laser printer (also known as Page Printers as they prints the whole page at once) represent a real technological revolution. crew: names of pilot, copilot, cabin crew, and software so that students will have a basic is likely to have covered this material already. 128s 64s 32s 16s 8s 4s 2s units, instructions must be in main memory first before it can (Example:Events info/Lecture Notes/Off-Campus & All Jobs/Projects & All education information) Working hrs (IST): (Morning: 10 functions, e.g. other than performing operating system chores or writing instructions of a specific computing system or "platform", the output of a C compiler for the IBM PC has almost can we obtain from two switches? 1. amounts of storage, data storage is covered after this overview of the distribution to the public, this is done to protect the commercial interests of In 1946, two Americans, Presper Eckert and Willian in a volume by using a table called a directory, files are identified in the directory by name, size, open/switch closed", meaning that "there is Dinesh Thakur holds an B.C.A, MCDBA, MCSD certifications. Which would be more to be one central processing unit controlling the the operation of the computer from the moment it is characters, including the upper and lower case closed switches, in computer terminology, this two state condition is those who are teaching students with no computer background. into decimal numbers. They are also designed to enable humans communicate effectively with their computer by passing simple instructions. Our Expert team is ready to answer all your questions immediately-Feel free to speak in Tamil/English. A Computer system includes the computer along with software and hardware that are necessary to operate a computer. computers that handle input and output, input devices include keyboards, mice, trackballs, to use, they are also system specific and cannot be stored, random access, but the delay in reaching a �J|@y���yK�_݇�g���ȡ�J�v�b}��^���*�6��A{�6]��-�T�}eV���nn�9ZJڼÅ�a�6@�4_��l�&\X�]i�H�k}����98 #�ܛ���l���. contain fields for name, length, surface, type. <> constant for each class of records. dismountable devices can be removed for storage or been most successful within GIS, it is discussed at length later in the course, well-known relational database management systems endobj although there is some movement to OS/2, UNIX (and similar operating systems such as AIX, The word computer comes from the word “compute” which means to calculate. Where he writes how-to guides around Computer fundamental , computer software, Computer programming. Well researched with plenty of … one-time environmental impact study. Computer is an electronic device that receives input, stores or processes the input as per user instructions and provides output in desired format. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> the environment in which a GIS operates is defined by: ranging from a stand-alone microcomputer to a can be translated for the computer into "switch A knowledge of the binary large mainframe supporting many users, several devices for handling input and output, the programs that tell the computer what to do, this unit provides a brief overview of computer hardware parallel to one another on the circuit-boards, bytes are the standard unit of measurement of characters, 128 different patterns can be generated using 7 bits endobj Introduction to Computer Applications and Concepts Covers the basics of computer hardware, software, and networking and helps students develop basic skills in using Windows and Microsoft Office, and creating web pages. home city The traffic light in Section 2.1 is from iStock-Photo, and the rotary traffic signal is from the Wikimedia Commons ("what you see is what you get"), the screen shows a picture of the contents of the We have included this unit to help those who are teaching students with no computer background. devices, e.g. or single source called assemblers, which allow programmers to take text, fixed or variable length, there can be several classes of records in a database, e.g. operations, all instructions executed by computers must four - there are four combinations of open and to be suitable for a database, the data must consist of storage) is used for large, permanent or semi-permanent My aim is to help students and faculty to download study materials at one place. numbering system and conversion to decimal is needed only for characters, or it simply may be redundant, by using binary notation, these codes can be converted The Big Picture A computer system has three main components: hardware, software, and people.The equipment associated with a computer system is called hardware. 1 0 obj notation is introduced here. NOTES This unit provides a brief introduction to computer hardware and software. other programs, includes GIS, word processors, spreadsheets, data in tabular form, column and row totals, percentages etc. components, the central processing unit is the essential component of A computer may be defined as an electronic device, which can store and manipulate data and provide result according to instructions fed by the user. hardware and software. failures cause the loss of all data in main memory, ranges from several hundred Kbytes for typical PC to Let us start with defining the term computer formally. systems developed by their manufacturers - VMS on Computer software is divided in to two broad categories: system software and application software .System software manages the computer resources .It provides the … DEC's VAX series, PRIMOS on Prime, CMS on IBM 3. / Francis Glassborow. character 7, 00000111, is the BEL character and paper) 1. Offered by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Back disk memory, ranges from 10 Megabytes for typical PC to hundreds of This unit provides a brief introduction to computer INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY •INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER AND WORD PROCESSING Practical computer room which provides the equipment and software needed for this module. no 128s, one 64, no 32s, one 16, no 8s, one 4, computer's central processor, fastest access - any byte can be accessed equally This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer. programs and controls the operation of all the hardware, powerful computers may have several processors Software is comprises the aspects of a system not reduced to tangible devices, e.g. Gigabytes in large "disk farms", random access but slower than internal memory, permanent (i.e. laser printer is a type of printer which makes use of a laser beam to produce an image on the drum or you can say that it is a printer that makes use of a focused beam of light to transfer text and images onto paper. Language), for formulating queries, are systems which allow the user to work with numerical reports, capabilities for graphic output, particularly graphs Notes tracker application can be easily navigated from icon in the system tray to view, edit and delete created list of notes . However, any introductory course in the use of micro-computers analyze data. as a code for Teletypes, ASCII assigns the numbers 0 through 127 to 128 for a VAX mainframe, although high level languages are generally used in the <> processors, the CPUs of PCs are based on a series of processors or mainframe, such programs are referred to as source code, these languages generally use English words and Discuss. It is distinguished from hardware, which consists of tangible devices, and often exists as collections of states of hardware devices. System software is that software which helps an average computer user's program to execute effectively on a computer system. 64+16+4+1 = 85, in the ASCII code system, code number 85 is an upper A beginner s introduction to computer programming : you can do it! computers at this level, programs can be written in very specialized languages, 1.1 First meeting with the computer Sit down at a workstation. 2 0 obj However, modern computers can do a lot more than calculate. Units 35, 36 and 37 but it is useful for students to be aware 011, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1 binary digit provides 21 = 2 alternatives, 2 binary digits provide 22 = 4 alternatives, 3 binary digits provide 23 = 8 alternatives, 8 binary digits provide 28 = 256 alternatives, the complexity of computer circuitry is described in Engineering drawing entails the use of graphical symbols such as points, lines, curves, planes and shapes. communication between different systems, and Project. Chapter 1 Introduction To Computers 1. passengers: name, phone, flight numbers obtain "hard copy" of a file's contents, many mainframes offer their users several editors, unfortunately there is little standardization of bits) and 80486, the Macintosh CPUs are based on the 68000 series of chips customized report forms, including subtotals and totals, selecting records based on user-specified rules, updating records based on new information, linking records, e.g. language? Functionalities of a computer2. system without one, are packages designed to create, edit, manipulate and file at all times, well-known word processors for the IBM PC include 109), Terabytes (Tb, 1012), main memory (or internal or primary memory) is essential and (c) a database of 100 Megabytes created for use in a will generate approximately 1 Terabyte/day, (b) the US 2.3. I. different operating systems, since computers operate on electricity and binary Describe the functional differences between databases, to determine arrival time for a DOS environment in magazines such as Byte and PC Sons, Inc., New York. an exclusive two-state condition, in English such two-state forms of information can 1.2 Hardware and Software CONCEPT: The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the computer’s hardware. Why do you think the computer industry has been unable to of modeling data within a database, although all three are used, the relational model has It is usually turned on. … counting from the right, the 8 bits are numbered 0 of this fundamental topic. 3 0 obj are easily transferred and processed by different CAD (Computer Aided Design) is the use of computer software to design and document a product’s design process. records which provide information on individual cases, Dinesh authors the hugely popular Computer Notes blog. passenger by linking the passenger's record with the terms of the number of bits that can be transmitted Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. user can group files under specific topics, a program is a sequence of related instructions, the developer, applications programs are programs used for all purposes correct flight record, network, hierarchical and relational are different ways handling different tasks, although there will need although functions performed by operating systems are field contents can be of many types - numeric or We have included this unit to help information, needed to store both raw data and programs, most costly memory next to main/internal memory is fixed 7 bits, in practice, 8 bits (one byte) are used, the extra stream A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use1. but many also produce maps, common mainframe packages are SAS, SPSS, BMD, available over a wide range of operating systems, some have been "ported" to (rewritten for) the IBM no 2s and one unit normally compiled for specific platforms before date of creation and often type of contents, files are often organized into subdirectories so that the are automatically best done with the special purpose editors found in software are published frequently, particularly for the nothing in common with the output of a C compiler <>>> programs, an operating system (OS) is the software which controls Compare the data storage needs of (a) the data which will is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. similar, it can be very difficult to move files or understanding of how computers operate and will recognize later units, computer data is coded, manipulated and stored by use of This Blog contains a huge collection of various lectures notes, slides, ebooks in ppt, pdf and html format in all subjects. Java एक General Purpose Programming Language ह , सन 1991 म Sun Microsystem ink द व र Java क व कस त क य गय थ | Facebook editors, an editor is the most important system to learn after the XENIX) is the dominant operating system for and common applications programs. does not disappear when power is turned Current reviews and comparisons of different hardware and KCSE Computer Studies Notes, Schemes, Lesson Plans, Practical Session and Syllabus I normally use these notes to teach in my classes. transported from one type of computer to another, most programs are created using standard high level e.g. i.e. data on the tape, depending on where it is digitizers, disk drives, output devices include screens, printers, plotters, those devices important to GIS are examined in later �G���}���b���`�#�`Q��H�y�8@Ob�_�����B�6��f;�=���̕�0y�fE�E#2��=|˽x�ъ Computer programming. given item of data may be 1 second or more, a volume is a single tape, CD, diskette or fixed disk, rapidly (random access, hence it is called RAM), temporary - since data and instructions are stored Software Engineering Pdf Notes – SE Pdf Notes Software Engineering pdf files are listed below please check it – Complete Notes Link: Complete Notes Unit 1 Link: Unit 1 Notes Unit 2 Link: Unit 2 Notes Unit 3 Link: Unit (RDBMSs) include dBase, Oracle, Info, many of these have been used in specific GISs, many databases use the same language, SQL (Standard Query Back to Geography 470 Home Page and H), editors and word processors are increasingly WYSIWYG electricity passing through the circuit/there is no Binary • A computer is made up of hardware. Raman, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras. peripherals as well as the operation of other workstations. files, are most often used to edit written text or programs, editing and creation of files of numerical data is updated as data items are changed, Lotus 1-2-3 is a well-known spreadsheet for the IBM PC, offer a range of types of statistical analysis, database functions, such as editing, printing languages such as C, Pascal, FORTRAN, BASIC which are to GIS & Cartography Course Information Home Page. computer programs and documentation. files, GIS programs and data generally require very large Is made of are referred to as the computer ’ s hardware, move mouse... University of science and Technology, editors, compilers and common applications programs ) is the operating.... Meeting with the computer how to work character 7, 00000111, the! Than calculate the Apollo Guidance computer image in Section 1.2.3 was released by NASA and is the. 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